Table 3 Engineering-science integration models
| Â | New design in engineering | Re-design in engineering | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
User-centered engineering design | Design-build-test (DBT) | Engineering science experimentation | Design optimization | |
Heavier on synthesis | ✔ | ✔ |  |  |
Contextualized (requires problem scoping) | ✔ | ✔ |  |  |
Heavier on analysis |  |  | ✔ | ✔ |
Scientific (requires experiments) |  |  | ✔ | ✔ |
Requires new design, that is new to the context | ✔ | ✔ |  |  |
Process starts with a sub-optimal artifact, process, or system |  |  | ✔ | ✔ |
Number and type of criteria | Multiple, complex criteria | Multiple, simple criteria | Typically single criterion | Typically two criteria |