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Table 1 The Cynefin Framework (Zeyer et al., 2019, adapted from Snowden and Boone, 2007, and Fensham 2012)

From: Science|Environment|Health – the emergence of a new pedagogy of complex living systems

Ordered systems

Complex systems

Simple contexts

Complex contexts

 • Static linear systems

 • Non-linear Systems

 • ‘Fully’ predictable

 • Not predictable

 • Example: Plant taxonomy

 • Example: Cardiovascular system

Complicated contexts

Chaotic contexts

 • Dynamic linear systems

 • Non-linear or ‘non’ systems

 • Highly predictable

 • ‘Fully’ unpredictable

 • Example: Newton mechanics

 • Example: Stock markets