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Table 4 T-test Results of Teachers Reported Incorporation of Student Agency, Prior Experiences, and Mental/Emotional Health Between 2020 and 2021

From: The impacts of COVID-19 on K-8 science teaching and teachers

 

Sig

t

df

Mean Difference

Change in giving students ownership in their science learning between 2020 and 2021

0.001

3.73

440.87

0.33

Change in supporting students mentally and emotionally between 2020 and 2021

0.001

−4.05

322.72

0.56

Change in relating science instruction to students’ home lives or communities 2020 and 2021

0.99

0.01

322.72

0.0018

  1. Note: Scale is 0 = not at all, 3 = somewhat, 5 = to a great extent.