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Table 1 Examples of test items

From: Learning science through a collaborative invention project in primary school

Item

Rationale

Scoring

2. Batteries for the remote control

 Attach a battery to the remote control by drawing a line

Attaching batteries to electric devices, everyday life technology, and electric circuits

1 point if student inserted both batteries correctly

0 points if student inserted one or both batteries incorrectly

3. Empty bottle in freezer

 An empty and closed lemonade bottle has been put into a freezer overnight. The bottle will be taken out in the morning. What is the question for which you would get the answer by doing this test?

Write this question

Constructing a research question; Gay Lussac’s law and thermodynamics: how the relation between volume and temperature stays the same, even when one of them changes

1 point if a student mentioned experimenting with air, observing the change in air pressure in the bottle, the relation between temperature and the volume of air, experimenting with pressure, cooling air or oxygen, or the behavior of the bottle

0 points for a blank or incorrect answer