Table 1 Seven types of evidence (categories, codes) and examples (subcategories, sub-codes) in teaching for conceptual change in human evolution within pre-college science
From: A content analysis of pre-college lesson plans on human evolution
Categories (Codes) | Subcategories (Sub-codes) |
|---|---|
Age (Geology) | Relative Age: Biostratigraphy & Biochronology |
Absolute Age: Radiometric Dating | |
Geologic Time/Scale | |
Behavior | Tool or Weapon Making (Hunting or Cooking) |
Art or Language (Drawing, Music, Jewelry, or Clothing) | |
Agricultural Revolution: Food Storage/Domestication/Settlements | |
Behavioral similarities to non-human extant Primates | |
Affective Processes (Social Bonds, Feelings, Religion, or Ceremonial Burial) | |
Biochemical Evidence | Chromosome/DNA/RNA Comparison |
Evolutionary Genetics | |
Phylogenetics | |
Hybridization & Interbreeding | |
Molecular Clocks | |
Biogeography | Regional Hypotheses |
Multiregional Hypotheses | |
Common Ancestry | Comparative Anatomy (structural similarities) to extant primates |
Homology or Analogy (structural similarities) to extant non-primates | |
Comparative Embryology | |
Cladistics and Phylogeny | |
Vestigial Structures | |
Hominid-based Fossils | Skull Comparison (brain or jaw size) |
Skeletal Comparisons (bipedalism) | |
Other Fossils (including footprints, molds and casts) | |
Social Science Perspectives | Nature of Science SocioScientific Issues (History and Race) |