Table 2 Summary statistics for each survey subscale. Pre-program and post-program survey scores are compared for each subscale (n=24 responses). Social support and learning support subscales were only measured in the post-program survey. Descriptive statistics (average ± standard deviation), p-values, and effect size (ES, calculated as Cohen’s d) for each scale are provided. *** p < 0.001; ****p<.0001 n.s. Not significant
Subscale | Sample Item | Pre-program | Post-program | P | ES |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Research self-efficacy | Read and understand scientific papers | 3.54 ± 0.74 | 4.27 ± 0.64 | *** | 0.98 |
Research knowledge | How scientific knowledge is constructed | 3.70 ± 0.79 | 4.83 ± 0.59 | **** | 1.43 |
Science career | I plan to seek a job where I would use my science knowledge. | 5.63 ± 0.86 | 5.75 ± 0.38 | n.s. | 0.14 |
Help seeking | When I cannot understand the material in class, I ask another student in the same course to help. | 4.48 ± 0.78 | 4.41 ± 0.78 | n.s. | -0.09 |
Social support | I feel that students in the program care about each other. | NA | 5.39 ± 0.71 | NA | NA |
Learning support | I feel that the program results in substantial learning. | NA | 5.63 ± 0.47 | NA | NA |