A content analysis of alignment messages to the Next Generation Science Standards

Disciplinary and Interdisciplinary Science Education Research

Table 2 A priori Alignment Codes from Literature Review (Fulmer et al., 2018)

Code	Description
PE	Performance Expectations used as the referent for alignment
SEP	Focus of alignment of material is the science and engineering practices
CCC	Cross Cutting Concept is used as the referent for alignment
DCI	Scientific content or DCI is used as the referent for alignment
Bundle PEs	Multiple PEs are grouped together as the referent for alignment
Phenomena Focus	Focus involves an anchoring phenomenon
Integration Focus	Focus on integration of two or more: PE, SEP, CCC or DCI
Learning Progression	Focus of alignment of materials is a research-based progression of content
Engineering or Design	Focus of alignment is inclusion of engineering or design