Professional development programs to improve science teachers’ skills in the facilitation of argumentation in science classroom—a systematic review

Disciplinary and Interdisciplinary Science Education Research

Table 7 Research focus characteristics of included studies^a

Study characteristic	Description	N (%)
Methodology	- Quantitative	7 (10.9%)
	- Qualitative	40 (62.5%)
	- Mixed methods	17 (26.6%)
Professional Competence (based on DV)	- Disposition	48 (75.0%)
	- Situation-specific	3 (4.7%)
	- Performance	35 (54.7%)
Argumentation	Argumentation framework & competence	Dismissed during review process

^aPercentages may not total 100% due to rounding. Values of professional competence may add up to more than 64 because some studies fit multiple categories of study characteristics